Neuroprotective properties of the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1).

Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis: Association with the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1).

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of the cellular metabolism of oxygen consumption, produced mainly in the mitochondria. ROS are known to be highly reactive ions or free radicals containing oxygen that impair redox homeostasis and cellular functions, leading to cell death. Under physiological conditions, a variety of antioxidant systems scavenge ROS to maintain the intracellular red...

Early Intermediates in the Transport Cycle of the Neuronal Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier Eaac1

Electrogenic glutamate transport by the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is associated with multiple charge movements across the membrane that take place on time scales ranging from microseconds to milliseconds. The molecular nature of these charge movements is poorly understood at present and, therefore, was studied in this report in detail by using the technique of laser-pulse photolys...

Regulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) by different protein kinase C subtypes.

In previous studies, we have shown that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) rapidly (within minutes) increases the activity and cell surface expression of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in two systems that endogenously express this transporter (C6 glioma cells and cocultures of neurons and astrocytes). However, the magnitude of the increase in activity is greater than the increase in cell sur...

Ethanol (E) Impairs Fetal Brain GSH Homeostasis by Inhibiting Excitatory Amino-Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1)-Mediated Cysteine Transport

Central among the fetotoxic responses to in utero ethanol (E) exposure is redox-shift related glutathione (GSH) loss and apoptosis. Previously, we reported that despite an E-generated Nrf2 upregulation, fetal neurons still succumb. In this study, we investigate if the compromised GSH results from an impaired inward transport of cysteine (Cys), a precursor of GSH in association with dysregulated...

Neuroprotective actions of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists.